Podium Talk

Almost everyone involved in physical exercise has experienced muscle cramps at some point in time. It can be explained as a painful and involuntary muscle contraction that locks the joint in place. They occur mostly in longer muscles that span two or more joints. Once experienced, athletes may continue to cramp unless adequate rest is provided. There are many theories as to how muscle cramps occur and what can be the possible solutions to relieving them. They are sometimes inaccurately termed as heat cramps. Exercise-associated muscle cramps do not have a relation with body temperature and do not recover with an external cooling modality, like an ice pack. If the theories of muscle cramps do not interest you, skip to the last part where you can learn how to deal with muscle cramps. One of the oldest theories is based on dehydration and electrolyte imbalance that occurs during exercise. It states that sweating alters the chemical balance of the fluids present in the body, which affects...

Caffeine as a naturally occurring drug has a very rich history. It has travelled around the world in mysterious ways through coffee beans. It originally required specified equipment to brew, but with the invention and popularisation of instant coffee, it has truly reached the masses. While many drink coffee and derived beverages for enjoyment, it has physical benefits too. Athletes and any other population can reap the performance boost that caffeine provides. The way in which it works is fascinating. Caffeine moves through the blood into the brain (only a few molecules are able to cross this barrier). Once in the brain, it attaches to receptor sites of the molecule called adenosine. Adenosine is responsible for the perception of tiredness and fatigue. Since caffeine molecules have blocked the sites, adenosine is not able to attach there and thus the feeling of fatigue is alleviated. This is exactly why people drink coffee to pull an all nighter before an exam. Caffeine has been found...

Not to be mistaken as a booty workout guide, this article aims to solve a physiologically important question. What we will be looking at is the amount of motor unit recruitment of the gluteus maximus that occurs with the particular exercise. Along with a few practical considerations, this should help us to pick the perfect exercises for the upcoming leg day. Gluteus maximus is supposed to be the primary hip extensor muscle group, which is found to be very important for strength and athletic movements like sprinting, cycling, jumping, and olympic lifting. Hip extensor strength is sought after by coaches to help improve the movements and sports mentioned earlier and also as a means to increase strength for performing compound lifts. The most popular exercises known by the masses for lower body resistance training specifically to target this muscle group are the barbell back squat, the barbell hip thrust and the Romanian deadlift. But as we shall see, it is not that obvious. Barbell Back ...

When we observe runners, there are just so many variations in running technique and patterns. The length of the stride, body lean, amount of bending at each joint, the first point of foot contact and the arm swing are just a few of the places where we can notice the differences. Heel striking is one of the most criticised biomechanical variations in running. It is said that a heel to toe pattern impedes the forward motion of the runner and wastes more energy than landing on the forefoot. The first thing to get out of the way is that it’s not necessary that everyone who lands on their heel places it ahead of the body and that everyone who lands on the forefoot does so right under the body, which makes it invalid to connect the two factors. Forefoot Strike Technically there are three types of foot strike patterns: forefoot, rearfoot, and midfoot strike. The mechanics of the midfoot strike have more common features to the rearfoot strike and hence both of them will be considered under the...

Sugar has been around since centuries, and it looks like it’s here to stay. However since the ingestion of sugar was found to be responsible for fat deposition and has been linked with increased risk of lifestyle diseases, we have tried to find alternatives to it. Because, let’s face it. This is one addiction that has plagued the entire world in one swoop. Saccharin was the first artificial sweetener to be discovered, which was purely an accident. This is what led to the revolution to hunt the perfect sugar substitute. Artificial sweeteners were advertised as a very comfortable way to lose weight in the 19th century. It was used in sodas first, and later trickled down to other sweet foods and beverages. It promised to take away the calories from the sweetness making indulgence completely guilt free. This sounds too good to be true. After various research and medical organisations put forward their concerns regarding the safety of artificial sweeteners, the government imposed certain re...

There are people who believe that exercise alone can help you lose weight as long as you don’t ‘overeat’. This view is evident by the sheer number of people who purchase gym memberships specifically for weight loss. Whilst physical activity is beneficial, there are a myriad of risks involved when people follow the advice of gurus who aren’t educated about the anatomy and physiology of the human body. At the other end of the spectrum, there are believers in nutrition who could swear by its effectiveness in weight loss. It’s easy to blame a particular macro, be it fats or carbohydrates. It’s much harder to back that claim with evidence. Does that mean we leave everything to chance and do whatever we feel is right? Absolutely not. Looking at the basics of nutrition content, a low carbohydrate diet has been shown to help with maintaining a low energy uptake, which in turn will reduce your weight (As carbohydrates and sugars are well known to be empty calories). Although fat was given a bad...

Oh, how we all love to push ourselves to the very limit. When the last rep is moving slower than a snail. Yet we ask our spotters not to touch the bar, because ‘we got it’. We push on until the muscles burn and our heart rate is skyrocketing. It’s an exhilarating feeling. It gives us a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction to know we did our best. In addition to the feeling, many trainers also advise training to failure. The claim is that this results in a higher degree of muscle damage and thus greater muscle hypertrophy. It has been advocated by many lifters and bodybuilders as well. I hate to break it to you, but we might be wrong about this belief. Researchers have found that if the volume is equated, hypertrophy is greater for the people who do not train to failure. Volume is the total number of repetitions in a given time for a particular muscle group. This means if the same amount of work is being done, maybe with an additional set to make the number of repetitions in the wor...